During the past decade, increasing emphasis has been placed on defining and measuring the quality of health care delivery. The Outcomes Committee of the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) was established in 2008 to explore and promote emerging outcomes-related topics that are most relevant to society membership. In recognition of the importance of health care quality, a mini-symposium was held at the SSO's 63rd Annual Cancer Symposium in St. Louis, Missouri, in March 2010. The primary objective of the symposium was to define what constitutes quality measurement in cancer care. This article presents an overview of the symposium proceedings.