Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid are a frequent indication for surgery of the thyroid gland. We evaluated the use of frozen sections on intraoperative decision-making, possible avoidance of reoperative surgery, and histologic findings in a retrospective cohort. A database was created of all thyroid operations from 2001 to 2007. Data collected included age, gender, preoperative cytology, indication for surgery, surgeon, intraoperative decision-making, and histologic findings. Of the 723 thyroidectomies, 203 were performed for follicular neoplasms diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. Of these, 135 had cytology reports available within our electronic medical record; 44 per cent (59 of 135) of these patients had an intraoperative frozen section. Only two of 59 (3.4%) were positive for carcinoma, both of which were papillary carcinomas. One was interpreted as "suspicious" for carcinoma by the pathologist. In these three cases, the surgeon proceeded with total thyroidectomy at the time of initial surgery. The results of frozen section altered the operation in only three of 59 cases (5.1%). Intraoperative frozen section rarely impacts the conduct of thyroidectomy for follicular neoplasms.