Objectives: To clarify the relaxing effects of a 5-min stay in a hospital's rooftop forest on elderly patients requiring care.
Methods: This was a within-subject, cross-sectional study. The participants were 30 elderly female patients requiring help in walking, aged 81.2±6.4 (mean±SD). A simplified emotional 7-point rating scale from -3 to 3 for 5 pairs of emotions, which was derived from the two-question Whooley Depression Screen, was used as a subjective indicator. The experimental areas were the rooftop forest that covered an area of 122 m(2) on the rooftop of a four-story health service facility and an outdoor car park area (as the control area). The participants were instructed to sit still in a wheelchair and view the scenery for 5 min in each experimental area and were then assessed. Data from the participants during exposure to the rooftop forest were compared with those during exposure to the control area. First, 15 participants moved to the rooftop forest from the preroom, and the other 15 moved to the outdoor car park area, and then they moved to the other site to eliminate any order effect.
Results: In the rooftop forest, the mean scores of the simplified emotional rating were 1.70 (1.17 for control) for "hopeful", 1.70 (1.17) for "interest in doing things", 1.53 (1.10) for "enjoyment", 1.67 (1.17) for "calm", and 2.03 (1.30) for "secure". The scores were all significantly higher than those in the control (p<0.01).
Conclusion: It was demonstrated that a visit to the rooftop forest induced a significant subjective relaxing effect in elderly female patients requiring care.