Plasma YKL-40 predicts 10-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Aug;79(2):185-91. doi: 10.1111/cen.12015. Epub 2013 Mar 25.

Abstract

Objective: Elevated YKL-40 concentrations have been observed in both coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. Thus, YKL-40 may play a role in pathogenesis of CHD in patients with diabetes. We evaluated whether plasma YKL-40 concentration can predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design: This is a prospective, observational study.

Patients: A total of 628 subjects with type 2 diabetes were recruited between July 1996 and June 2003.

Measurements: Plasma YKL-40 concentrations were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cohort was followed up until 31 December 2008, when vital status and causes of death were obtained. Survival analysis and concordance statistics were performed. All-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were documented.

Results: There were 153 (24·36%) mortalities, including 48 participants (7·64%) who died from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Participants with higher plasma YKL-40 (defined with a level above the median of 87·5 μg/l) had an increased risk of mortality. After adjusting for confounding variables, the hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in participants with higher plasma YKL-40 were 1·97 (95% CI, 1·31-2·95, P < 0·01) and 2·45 (95% CI, 1·11-5·37, P < 0·05). The results remained similar after adjustment for age. Concordance statistics revealed that plasma YKL-40 concentration significantly increases the predictive power for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in different models.

Conclusions: Plasma YKL-40 concentration is an independent predictor of 10-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Further investigations on the role of YKL-40 in the pathogenesis of CVD are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adipokines / blood*
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / mortality*
  • Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1
  • Coronary Disease / mortality
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / mortality*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lectins / blood*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prospective Studies
  • Survival Analysis
  • Taiwan / epidemiology

Substances

  • Adipokines
  • Biomarkers
  • CHI3L1 protein, human
  • Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1
  • Lectins