Developments over the past few decades in analytical epidemiological research in schizophrenia have challenged some long-held views about the disorder. For example, the conventional view that schizophrenia may have a favourable outcome in developing countries is currently being challenged by emerging empirical data. However, quality research from developing countries is still relatively scarce. In this article we review some major epidemiological findings of schizophrenia with a focus on data from the developing world and within the context of the methodological issues and challenges associated with such studies.