There is concern regarding the possible health risks of electromagnetic fields, to which the human population is increasingly exposed. In this article the authors therefore address the current scientific evidence concerning exposure to low frequency (0-3000 Hz) and high-frequency (100 KHz-300GHZ) electromagnetic fields and the resulting short-term and long-term consequences for health. They also discuss available guidelines and population exposure values and conclude that more detailed studies are necessary to evaluate health risks, especially of prolonged exposure.