Abstract
Multipurpose technologies that simultaneously protect from sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy are urgently needed. Pod-intravaginal rings (IVRs) formulated with the antiretroviral agents (ARVs) tenofovir, nevirapine, and saquinavir and the contraceptives etonogestrel and estradiol were evaluated in sheep. Steady-state concentrations were maintained for 28 days with controlled, sustained delivery. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that pod IVRs can deliver three ARVs from different mechanistic classes and a progestin-estrogen combination over the wide range needed for putative preventative efficacy.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Adenine / administration & dosage
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Adenine / analogs & derivatives
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Adenine / pharmacokinetics
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Administration, Intravaginal
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Animals
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Anti-Retroviral Agents / administration & dosage
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Anti-Retroviral Agents / pharmacokinetics*
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Biopsy
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Contraceptive Agents / administration & dosage
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Contraceptive Agents / pharmacokinetics*
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Desogestrel / administration & dosage
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Desogestrel / pharmacokinetics
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Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
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Estradiol / administration & dosage
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Estradiol / pharmacokinetics
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Female
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Intrauterine Devices, Medicated*
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Models, Animal
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Nevirapine / administration & dosage
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Nevirapine / pharmacokinetics
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Organophosphonates / administration & dosage
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Organophosphonates / pharmacokinetics
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Saquinavir / administration & dosage
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Saquinavir / pharmacokinetics
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / prevention & control
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Sheep
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Tenofovir
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Time Factors
Substances
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Anti-Retroviral Agents
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Contraceptive Agents
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Organophosphonates
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etonogestrel
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Estradiol
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Desogestrel
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Nevirapine
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Tenofovir
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Adenine
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Saquinavir