Cation effects on rotational dynamics of anions and water molecules in alkali (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) thiocyanate (SCN-) aqueous solutions

J Phys Chem B. 2013 Jul 3;117(26):7972-84. doi: 10.1021/jp4016646. Epub 2013 Jun 21.

Abstract

Waiting time dependent rotational anisotropies of SCN(-) anions and water molecules in alkali thiocyanate (XSCN, X = Li, Na, K, Cs) aqueous solutions at various concentrations were measured with ultrafast infrared spectroscopy. It was found that cations can significantly affect the reorientational motions of both water molecules and SCN(-) anions. The dynamics are slower in a solution with a smaller cation. The reorientational time constants follow the order of Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+) ~/= Cs(+). The changes of rotational time constants of SCN(-) at various concentrations scale almost linearly with the changes of solution viscosity, but those of water molecules do not. In addition, the concentration-dependent amplitudes of dynamical changes are much more significant in the Li(+) and Na(+) solutions than those in the K(+) and Cs(+) solutions. Further investigations on the systems with the ultrafast vibrational energy exchange method and molecular dynamics simulations provide an explanation for the observations: the observed rotational dynamics are the balanced results of ion clustering and cation/anion/water direct interactions. In all the solutions at high concentrations (>5 M), substantial amounts of ions form clusters. The structural inhomogeneity in the solutions leads to distinct rotational dynamics of water and anions. The strong interactions of Li(+) and Na(+) because of their relatively large charge densities with water molecules and SCN(-) anions, in addition to the likely geometric confinements because of ion clustering, substantially slow down the rotations of SCN(-) anions and water molecules inside the ion clusters. The interactions of K(+) and Cs(+) with water or SCN(-) are much weaker. The rotations of water molecules inside ion clusters of K(+) and Cs(+) solutions are not significantly different from those of other water species so that the experimentally observed rotational relaxation dynamics are only slightly affected by the ion concentrations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Alkalies / chemistry
  • Anions / chemistry
  • Cations / chemistry
  • Cesium / chemistry*
  • Lithium / chemistry*
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Potassium / chemistry*
  • Sodium / chemistry*
  • Spectrophotometry, Infrared
  • Thiocyanates / chemistry*
  • Water / chemistry*

Substances

  • Alkalies
  • Anions
  • Cations
  • Thiocyanates
  • Water
  • Cesium
  • Lithium
  • Sodium
  • thiocyanate
  • Potassium