Neurons have been the natural focus of discussion for most of the history of research on seizures and epilepsy. Simply stated, epilepsy is a disease of sporadic, progressive disruption of neuronal activity. Thus causes and therapies for epilepsy have been naturally aimed at the obvious manifestation of disease: neuronal dysfunction. However, over the last two decades a new view is beginning to emerge that is defining the dependence of neuronal function and seizure susceptibility on glia. This view changes the definition of epilepsy as a disease of neurons to a disease of a heterogeneous neuronal-glial network. This new glial focus is suggesting new opportunities to treat the nearly 1/3 of individuals who do not respond to traditional antiepileptic drug (AEDs) therapies as well as suggesting ways to reduce the many unwanted side effects of AEDs.
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