United Arab Emirates: phylogenetic relationships and ancestral populations

Abstract

In the current report, 109 unrelated individuals from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were typed across 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D149S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA) routinely employed in population genetics analyses and compared across a set of ethnically and geographically targeted reference collections. UAE, located at the southeastern most portion of the Arabian Peninsula, in the tri-continental crossroads connecting Africa, Europe and Asia, has been influenced by a number of human dispersal waves from a plethora of sources including the Paleolithic "Out of Africa" migrations, the exodus of Neolithic pastoral agriculturalists from the Fertile Crescent and Northern Africa, as well as more recent migrations from Asia and the Middle East. We found that despite the high levels of consanguinity that characterize UAE, this population is genetically highly heterogeneous. When compared to various world-wide biogeographical regions, the Arabian Peninsula exhibits the highest intra-population variance. Admixture analyses indicate that UAE and Bahrain uniquely in Arabia share 23.7% and 22.9%, respectively, of their DNA with Southwest Asian populations. Similar and complex Structure profiles are seen among Arabian Peninsula populations underscoring the high genetic diversity of the region. Although UAE shares a number of genetic characteristics in common with the rest of the populations in the Arabian Peninsula, it is unique in terms of its relative high Asian genetic component, likely the result of geographical proximity to Southwest Asia, west-bound waves of migration and socio-political ties with territories to the east.

Keywords: Arabian Peninsula; Autosomal STRs; G6PD; GDI; HLA; HWE; Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; Identifiler; MCMC; MDS; MP; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Matching Probability; NJ; PAI; PD; PE; PIC; Phylogenetic analyses; Polymorphic Information Content; Power of Discrimination; Power of Exclusion; SPSS; STR; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; TPI; Typical Paternity Index; UAE; United Arab Emirates; WLS; YBP; gene diversity index; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; human leukocyte antigen; multi dimensional scaling; neighbor-joining; polymorphic Alu insertion; short tandem repeats; weighted least square; years before present.