The scope and distribution of imaging services at critical access hospitals

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to better understand the availability and scope of imaging services at critical access hospitals (CAHs) throughout the United States.

Methods: Recent American Hospital Association (AHA) annual survey data (containing 1,063 variables providing comprehensive information on organizational characteristics and availability of various services at 6,317 hospitals nationwide) and US census data were merged. Imaging survey data included mammography, ultrasound, CT, MRI, single photon emission CT, and combined PET/CT. Availability and characteristics of imaging services at the 1,060 CAHs in 45 states for which sufficient data were available were studied.

Results: Mammography, ultrasound, and some form of CT were the most widely available of all imaging services, but were available in all CAHs in only 13%, 33%, and 56% of all states, respectively. In no states were ≥64-slice CT, MRI, single photon emission CT, and combined PET/CT available in all CAHs.

Conclusions: An overall scarcity of access to imaging services exists at CAHs throughout the United States. With 19.3% of the US population residing in rural areas and almost entirely dependent on CAHs for health services, the policy implications for imaging access could be profound. Further research is necessary to investigate the effect of imaging access on CAH patient outcomes.

Keywords: Medical imaging; critical access hospitals; patient access; rural health.