Stroke in patients with aortic stenosis: the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis study

Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):1939-46. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005296. Epub 2014 Jun 5.

Abstract

Background and purpose: There are limited data on risk stratification of stroke in aortic stenosis. This study examined predictors of stroke in aortic stenosis, the prognostic implications of stroke, and how aortic valve replacement (AVR) with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting influenced the predicted outcomes.

Methods: Patients with mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis enrolled in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study. Diabetes mellitus, known atherosclerotic disease, and oral anticoagulation were exclusion criteria. Ischemic stroke was the primary end point, and poststroke survival a secondary outcome. Cox models treating AVR as a time-varying covariate were adjusted for atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, hypertension, age≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years and female sex (CHA2DS2-VASc) scores.

Results: One thousand five hundred nine patients were followed for 4.3±0.8 years (6529 patient-years). Rates of stroke were 5.6 versus 21.8 per 1000 patient-years pre- and post-AVR; 429 (28%) underwent AVR and 139 (9%) died. Atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-6.6), CHA2DS2-VASc score (HR 1.4 per unit; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8), diastolic blood pressure (HR, 1.4 per 10 mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8), and AVR with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.2, all P≤0.026) were independently associated with stroke. Incident stroke predicted death (HR, 8.1; 95% CI, 4.7-14.0; P<0.001).

Conclusions: In patients with aortic stenosis not prescribed oral anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, AVR with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, and CHA2DS2-VASc score were the major predictors of stroke. Incident stroke was strongly associated with mortality.

Clinical trial registration url: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00092677.

Keywords: aortic valve stenosis; cardiac surgical procedures; risk factors; stroke.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anticholesteremic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / drug therapy
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / epidemiology*
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / mortality
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / surgery
  • Azetidines / therapeutic use
  • Comorbidity
  • Coronary Artery Bypass / mortality
  • Coronary Artery Bypass / statistics & numerical data
  • Ezetimibe
  • Female
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation* / mortality
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation* / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Ischemic Attack, Transient* / epidemiology
  • Ischemic Attack, Transient* / mortality
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multicenter Studies as Topic
  • Outcome Assessment, Health Care
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Simvastatin / therapeutic use
  • Stroke / epidemiology*
  • Stroke / mortality

Substances

  • Anticholesteremic Agents
  • Azetidines
  • Simvastatin
  • Ezetimibe

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00092677