Background: Allergy is diagnosed by a combination of history, physical examination, and confirmatory testing. Modalities for testing include skin testing, in vitro assessment, and challenge testing of the conjunctiva or nasal mucosa. Challenge testing is primarily reserved for research.
Methods: A review of the literature on skin testing methods for inhalant allergic rhinitis was performed.
Results: Different forms of commonly used skin testing are available, including: individual prick; multiple prick; single, intradermal, and intradermal dilutional testing; and blended techniques. Each has inherent benefits and limitations.
Conclusion: Skin testing remains a valid and in some cases superior means of identifying inhalant allergy. Skin-prick testing and intradermal testing are the primary categories, although different formats exist for each. Caution must be taken to avoid creating a serious systemic reaction by injecting an injudicious amount of antigen into the skin, or in skin testing a patient whose medication profile puts them at increased risk.
Keywords: allergy test techniques; allergy testing; intradermal testing; modified quantitative testing; prick-puncture testing; skin testing.
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