1 St Mark's Hospital, Harrow; and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom robin.kennedy@nhs.net.
2 University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
3 Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
4 Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
5 United Kingdom Centre for Surgical Research; and University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.