The prevalence of high serum cholesterol levels and the associated epidemic of coronary artery disease in our society are largely the by-products of a maladaptive diet. Dietary modification is the logical and effective approach to this problem for most patients. In general, dietary therapy consists of a reduction in the intake of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and excess calories. Many specific dietary modifications, including increased intake of omega-9 and omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber, may also help reduce cholesterol levels and prevent coronary artery disease.