Morphometry of the hard palate in Down's syndrome through CBCT-image analysis

Abstract

Objectives: To define the morphometry of the hard palate in Down's syndrome (DS) on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Setting and sample population: Santiago de Compostela University (Spain). The study group included 40 white DS individuals aged 10 to 40 years (mean = 18.8 ± 7.3 years), 25 males and 15 females. The control group consisted of 40 individuals matched for age and sex were selected.

Material & methods: Nine measurements were taken on the CBCT images. Axial plane: anteroposterior length (aAPL) and arch length (aARL); sagittal plane: anteroposterior length (sAPL), maximum height (sMH) and sagittal arch (sAR); coronal plane: interdental width (cIDW), height (cHE), skeletal width (cSW) and coronal arch (cAR).

Results: aAPL, aARL, sAPL, sMH, sAR, cMH and cAR were comparable in the two groups. cIDW and cSW were greater in controls than in DS. We found no statistically significant differences between males and females with DS. In the controls, sAPL and sAR were greater in males than females. In DS, age only had a statistically significantly increasing effect on aAPL and sAPL. In the controls, age significantly affected sAR and cHE.

Conclusion: The hard palate is narrower in DS than in controls, but the anteroposterior measurements and the height of the vault are comparable in both groups.

Keywords: Down's syndrome; anatomy; cone beam computed tomography; hard palate.