The data associating blood pressure to salt intake in humans comes from randomized clinical trials of interventions on dietary salt intake and population studies. Generally, estimates from meta-analyses are similar to those derived from prospective population studies (1.7 mm Hg change in systolic blood pressure per 100 mmol change in 24-hour urinary sodium). This observation, however, does not translate into a higher risk of incidence rate of hypertension in individuals consuming a highsalt diet. On the other hand, prospective studies relating cardiovascular outcomes to 24-h urinary sodium excretion produced inconsistent conclusions. Thus, available evidence does not support current recommendations of an indiscriminate and generalized reduction of salt intake in the general population.