Management of Bladder Diverticula in Menkes Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Menkes syndrome is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism, often with urologic complications, including bladder diverticula and vesicoureteral reflux. A 1-year-old boy with Menkes syndrome presented with recurrent urinary tract infections and incomplete bladder emptying secondary to 2 large bladder diverticula. He underwent robot-assisted excision of both diverticula with subsequent improved emptying and resolution of urinary tract infections. There is no consensus on management of bladder diverticula in Menkes syndrome. Because the life span of these patients is significantly shortened, one must select an intervention based on their clinical condition, potential morbidities, and informed expectations of the family.