Linking Dynamic Habitat Selection with Wading Bird Foraging Distributions across Resource Gradients

PLoS One. 2015 Jun 24;10(6):e0128182. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128182. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Species distribution models (SDM) link species occurrence with a suite of environmental predictors and provide an estimate of habitat quality when the variable set captures the biological requirements of the species. SDMs are inherently more complex when they include components of a species' ecology such as conspecific attraction and behavioral flexibility to exploit resources that vary across time and space. Wading birds are highly mobile, demonstrate flexible habitat selection, and respond quickly to changes in habitat quality; thus serving as important indicator species for wetland systems. We developed a spatio-temporal, multi-SDM framework using Great Egret (Ardea alba), White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), and Wood Stork (Mycteria Americana) distributions over a decadal gradient of environmental conditions to predict species-specific abundance across space and locations used on the landscape over time. In models of temporal dynamics, species demonstrated conditional preferences for resources based on resource levels linked to differing temporal scales. Wading bird abundance was highest when prey production from optimal periods of inundation was concentrated in shallow depths. Similar responses were observed in models predicting locations used over time, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Species clustered in response to differing habitat conditions, indicating that social attraction can co-vary with foraging strategy, water-level changes, and habitat quality. This modeling framework can be applied to evaluate the multi-annual resource pulses occurring in real-time, climate change scenarios, or restorative hydrological regimes by tracking changing seasonal and annual distribution and abundance of high quality foraging patches.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Birds / physiology*
  • Climate Change*
  • Ecosystem
  • Hydrology*
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Species Specificity
  • Wetlands

Grants and funding

Financial or inkind support was provided by the U.S. This work received support from the Army Corps of Engineers (grant/contract number:W912HZ-10-2-0024) and U.S. Geological Survey. The authors appreciate the support of Florida Atlantic University and The Everglades Foundation for additional financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.