Left ventricular aneurysm was surgically treated in 205 patients during the decade 1975-1984. The patients had had one to five myocardial infarctions, the latest days to years (mean 32 months) preoperatively and 92% were in NYHA functional class III or IV. The main indications for surgery were angina (47%), congestive heart failure (38%) and arrhythmia (15%). The 176 anterior, 23 posterior and six combined aneurysms were treated with resection (130 cases) or plication (75). The early mortality was 5%. Univariate analysis identified arrhythmia, concomitant valve replacement and need for intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) as significant risk factors, and multivariate analysis revealed the indication for surgery and need for IABP as the only independent predictors of total mortality. The survival rates 5 and 10 years postoperatively were respectively, 74% and 60%. At follow-up after 1/2-10 years, almost 90% of the surviving patients had improved functional status. Left ventricular aneurysm thus can be surgically treated with low mortality rate and good functional result.