Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of early cortical development: An examination of how Pax6 coordinates cortical development

J Comp Neurol. 2016 Feb 15;524(3):609-29. doi: 10.1002/cne.23866. Epub 2015 Aug 25.

Abstract

The development of the cortex is an elaborate process that integrates a plethora of finely tuned molecular processes ranging from carefully regulated gradients of transcription factors, dynamic changes in the chromatin landscape, or formation of protein complexes to elicit and regulate transcription. Combined with cellular processes such as cell type specification, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, all of these developmental processes result in the establishment of an adult mammalian cortex with its typical lamination and regional patterning. By examining in-depth the role of one transcription factor, Pax6, on the regulation of cortical development, its integration in the regulation of chromatin state, and its regulation by cis-regulatory elements, we aim to demonstrate the importance of integrating each level of regulation in our understanding of cortical development.

Keywords: Chromatin; Epigenetics; Pax6; Transcription; cortex; cortical development.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biological Evolution
  • Cerebral Cortex / growth & development*
  • Chromatin / metabolism
  • Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / physiology
  • Epigenesis, Genetic*
  • Eye Proteins / metabolism*
  • Homeodomain Proteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • PAX6 Transcription Factor
  • Paired Box Transcription Factors / metabolism*
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism*

Substances

  • Chromatin
  • Eye Proteins
  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • PAX6 Transcription Factor
  • PAX6 protein, human
  • Paired Box Transcription Factors
  • Repressor Proteins