Effects of instructed timing and tempo on snare drum sound in drum kit performance

J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Oct;138(4):2301-16. doi: 10.1121/1.4930950.

Abstract

This paper reports on an experiment investigating the expressive means with which performers of groove-based musics signal the intended timing of a rhythmic event. Ten expert drummers were instructed to perform a rock pattern in three different tempi and three different timing styles: "laid-back," "on-the-beat," and "pushed." The results show that there were systematic differences in the intensity and timbre (i.e., sound-pressure level, temporal centroid, and spectral centroid) of series of snare strokes played with these different timing styles at the individual level. A common pattern was found across subjects concerning the effect of instructed timing on sound-pressure level: a majority of the drummers played laid-back strokes louder than on-the-beat strokes. Furthermore, when the tempo increased, there was a general increase in sound-pressure level and a decrease in spectral centroid across subjects. The results show that both temporal and sound-related features are important in order to indicate that a rhythmic event has been played intentionally early, late, or on-the-beat, and provide insight into the ways in which musicians communicate at the microrhythmic level in groove-based musics.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acoustics
  • Adult
  • Auditory Perception
  • Equipment and Supplies
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Music*
  • Periodicity
  • Psychomotor Performance
  • Time
  • Time Perception
  • Work Performance
  • Young Adult