Urinary Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer

Urol Clin North Am. 2016 Feb;43(1):17-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.08.003.

Abstract

In light of the overdiagnosis and overtreatment associated with widespread prostate-specific antigen-based screening, controversy persists surrounding the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Given its anatomic proximity to the prostate, urine has been proposed as a noninvasive substrate for prostatic biomarkers. With greater understanding of the molecular pathways of carcinogenesis and significant technological advances, the breadth of potential biomarkers is substantial. In this review, the authors aim to provide an evidence-based assessment of current and emerging urinary biomarkers used in the detection and prognostication of PCa and high-grade PCa, with particular attention on clinically relevant findings.

Keywords: Biomarkers; GSTP1; Metabolomics; Microbiota; PCA3; Prostate cancer; TMPRSS2:ERG; Urine.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Neoplasm / urine*
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / urine*
  • Biopsy
  • Glutathione S-Transferase pi / urine
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Metabolomics
  • Microbiota
  • Prognosis
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / urine*
  • Serine Endopeptidases / urine
  • Trans-Activators / urine
  • Transcriptional Regulator ERG

Substances

  • Antigens, Neoplasm
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • ERG protein, human
  • Trans-Activators
  • Transcriptional Regulator ERG
  • GSTP1 protein, human
  • Glutathione S-Transferase pi
  • Serine Endopeptidases
  • TMPRSS2 protein, human