Serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentration in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism. 2016 May;65(5):804-811. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.005. Epub 2016 Feb 16.

Abstract

Purpose: A single prior study conducted in Chilean women has shown that women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a normal serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations despite polycystic ovarian morphology. As it is not clear why women with PCOS+T1DM would not have an elevated concentrations of AMH, we hypothesize that women with T1DM and PCOS have a similar hormonal profile and serum AMH levels as is observed in classic PCOS.

Methods: We studied 89 women: 37 with T1DM (16 with PCOS+T1DM, 21 with T1DM/no-PCOS), 36 with PCOS (PCOS) and 16 healthy women (control group) matched for age and body mass index (BMI). A clinical examination, determination of serum AMH and sex hormones, and an ultrasonographic evaluation of the ovaries were performed for all study participants.

Results: Serum AMH concentrations were significantly higher in women with PCOS+T1DM than in those with T1DM/no-PCOS (p<0.001) and was not different between both PCOS groups (PCOS vs PCOS+T1DM). Ovarian volume and ovarian follicle count did not differ between women with PCOS+T1DM and PCOS. The number of ovarian follicles was higher in patients with PCOS+T1DM and PCOS versus the control (p=0.007, p<0.001) and versus cases of T1DM/no-PCOS (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Cross-sectionally, AMH concentrations correlated positively with luteinizing hormone (LH) (r=0.4; p<0.001), testosterone (r=0.2, p=0.02), ovarian volume (r=0.4, p<0.001) and follicle count (r=0.7, p<0.001). In both groups, PCOS+T1DM and PCOS, AMH was related to LH (r=0.5; p=0.036; r=0.3; p=0.031) and to ovarian follicle number (r=0.7; p<0.001; r=0.4; p=0.006). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum AMH was the only predictor of PCOS in T1DM women (OR=1.73; 95% CI 1.07-2.79, p=0.023).

Conclusions: Women with T1DM and PCOS have a similar hormonal profile and serum AMH concentrations as observed in classic PCOS.

Keywords: AMH; PCOS; Polycystic ovarian morphology; Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anti-Mullerian Hormone / analysis*
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / blood*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / pathology
  • Female
  • Hospitals, University
  • Humans
  • Luteinizing Hormone / blood
  • Organ Size
  • Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  • Ovarian Follicle / diagnostic imaging
  • Ovarian Follicle / pathology
  • Ovary / diagnostic imaging*
  • Ovary / pathology
  • Poland
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / blood*
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / complications
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / diagnostic imaging
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / pathology
  • Radiography
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Up-Regulation*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Anti-Mullerian Hormone
  • Luteinizing Hormone