Acute macular neuroretinopathy: A comprehensive review of the literature

Kavita V Bhavsar; Sally Lin; Ehsan Rahimy; Anthony Joseph; K Bailey Freund; David Sarraf; Emmett T Cunningham Jr

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.003

Acute macular neuroretinopathy: A comprehensive review of the literature

Surv Ophthalmol. 2016 Sep-Oct;61(5):538-65. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Mar 10.

Authors

Kavita V Bhavsar¹, Sally Lin², Ehsan Rahimy³, Anthony Joseph⁴, K Bailey Freund⁵, David Sarraf⁴, Emmett T Cunningham Jr⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, Manhattan, New York, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
² Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
⁵ Department of Ophthalmology, Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, Manhattan, New York, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address: kbfnyf@aol.com.
⁶ Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Francis I. Proctor Foundation, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA.

PMID: 26973287
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.003

Abstract

Acute macular neuroretinopathy is a relatively rare condition originally defined by the presence of intraretinal, reddish-brown, wedge-shaped lesions, the apices of which tend to point toward the fovea. Acute onset of paracentral scotomas corresponding to the clinically evident lesions is both common and characteristic. Although the pathogenesis of acute macular neuroretinopathy is complex, recent research suggests a microvascular etiology. Advances in multimodal imaging have enabled better characterization of this retinal disorder and have led to newly proposed diagnostic criteria. We review 101 reported cases in the English and non-English language literature identified from 1975, when acute macular neuroretinopathy was first described, to December, 2014. We discuss common risk factors, demographic and clinical characteristics, and multimodal imaging findings, which together provide insights into pathogenesis and guide areas of future investigation.

Keywords: AMN; AMNR; AMOR; DCI; PAMM; acute macular neuroretinopathy; deep capillary ischemia; multimodal imaging; optical coherence tomography; paracentral acute middle maculopathy.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Humans
Macula Lutea / pathology*
Retinal Diseases / diagnosis*
Tomography, Optical Coherence / methods*