With the increasing awareness and concern over the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to health care providers, the development of a reasonable approach to patient care is necessary with those suspected of or documented as being HIV-positive. Children are all too frequently the innocent victims of this deadly disease and will often require the services of the otolaryngologist for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. In order to provide appropriate care for these children and reduce the risk of possible contamination of health care professionals or other patients a protocol was established for the Pediatric Otolaryngology Division of Children's Hospital at Washington University. This protocol is discussed in detail with explanation of rationale and alternatives.