Admission Heart Rate Predicts Poor Outcomes in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial Studies

Stroke. 2016 Jun;47(6):1479-85. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012382. Epub 2016 May 10.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Faster heart rate predicts higher mortality in coronary heart disease and acute ischemic stroke, but its prognostic significance in intracerebral hemorrhage remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the effect of admission heart rate on clinical and imaging outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: A post hoc pooled analysis of the pilot and main phases of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT 1 and 2). Clinical outcomes were mortality and modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days; and imaging outcome was absolute growth in hematoma volume during the initial 24 hours. Patients were divided into 4 categories according to baseline heart rate (<65, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 bpm) and analyzed using multivariable adjusted models with the lowest heart rate group as the reference.

Results: Of 3185 patients with available data, higher admission heart rate was associated with both mortality and worse modified Rankin Scale score: adjusted hazard ratio for heart rate (≥85 versus <65 bpm) 1.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.11) and adjusted odds ratio 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.63), respectively (both P-trend <0.05). There was no significant relationship between heart rate and absolute growth in hematoma volume (P-trend, 0.196).

Conclusions: Higher admission heart rate is independently associated with death and poor functional outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Clinical trial registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00226096 and NCT00716079.

Keywords: cerebral hemorrhage; heart rate; hematoma; outcomes research; stroke.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Blood Pressure*
  • Cerebral Hemorrhage / mortality
  • Cerebral Hemorrhage / therapy*
  • Disease Progression
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Glasgow Coma Scale
  • Heart Rate*
  • Hematoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Recovery of Function
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antihypertensive Agents

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00226096
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00716079