Tomato-based randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients: Effect on PSA

Ingvild Paur; Wolfgang Lilleby; Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn; Erik Hulander; Willibrord Klein; Ljiljana Vlatkovic; Karol Axcrona; Nils Bolstad; Trine Bjøro; Petter Laake; Kristin A Taskén; Aud Svindland; Lars Magne Eri; Bjørn Brennhovd; Monica H Carlsen; Sophie D Fosså; Sigbjørn S Smeland; Anette S Karlsen; Rune Blomhoff

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.014

Tomato-based randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients: Effect on PSA

Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;36(3):672-679. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.014. Epub 2016 Jun 30.

Authors

Ingvild Paur¹, Wolfgang Lilleby², Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn³, Erik Hulander⁴, Willibrord Klein⁵, Ljiljana Vlatkovic⁶, Karol Axcrona⁷, Nils Bolstad⁸, Trine Bjøro⁹, Petter Laake¹⁰, Kristin A Taskén¹¹, Aud Svindland¹², Lars Magne Eri¹³, Bjørn Brennhovd¹⁴, Monica H Carlsen¹⁵, Sophie D Fosså¹⁶, Sigbjørn S Smeland¹⁷, Anette S Karlsen¹⁸, Rune Blomhoff¹⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ingvild.paur@medisin.uio.no.
² Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: WLL@ous-hf.no.
³ Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: s.k.bohn@medisin.uio.no.
⁴ Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: erik@hulander.se.
⁵ Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: wilkle@so-hf.no.
⁶ Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: LVLAT@ous-hf.no.
⁷ Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Urology, Akershus University Hospital, 1748 Lørenskog, Norway. Electronic address: axcrona@online.no.
⁸ Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: nilbol@ous-hf.no.
⁹ Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: BJC@ous-hf.no.
¹⁰ Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1122, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: petter.laake@medisin.uio.no.
¹¹ Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: k.a.tasken@medisin.uio.no.
¹² Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: aud.svindland@medisin.uio.no.
¹³ Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: lamaer@ous-hf.no.
¹⁴ Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: BJORB@ous-hf.no.
¹⁵ Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: m.h.carlsen@medisin.uio.no.
¹⁶ Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: s.d.fossa@medisin.uio.no.
¹⁷ Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: sigbjorn.smeland@medisin.uio.no.
¹⁸ Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: a.s.karlsen@medisin.uio.no.
¹⁹ Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: rune.blomhoff@medisin.uio.no.

PMID: 27406859
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.014

Abstract

Background & aims: The effect of lycopene-containing foods in prostate cancer development remains undetermined. We tested whether a lycopene-rich tomato intervention could reduce the levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer patients.

Methods: Prior to their curative treatment, 79 patients with prostate cancer were randomized to a nutritional intervention with either 1) tomato products containing 30 mg lycopene per day; 2) tomato products plus selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, soy isoflavones, grape/pomegranate juice, and green/black tea (tomato-plus); or 3) control diet for 3 weeks.

Results: The main analysis, which included patients in all risk categories, did not reveal differences in changes of PSA-values between the intervention and control groups. Post-hoc, exploratory analyses within intermediate risk (n = 41) patients based on tumor classification and Gleason score post-surgery, revealed that median PSA decreased significantly in the tomato group as compared to controls (-2.9% and +6.5% respectively, p = 0.016). In separate post-hoc analyses, we observed that median PSA-values decreased by 1% in patients with the highest increases in plasma lycopene, selenium and C20:5 n-3 fatty acid, compared to an 8.5% increase in the patients with the lowest increase in lycopene, selenium and C20:5 n-3 fatty acid (p = 0.003). Also, PSA decreased in patients with the highest increase in lycopene alone (p = 0.009).

Conclusions: Three week nutritional interventions with tomato-products alone or in combination with selenium and n-3 fatty acids lower PSA in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Our observation suggests that the effect may depend on both aggressiveness of the disease and the blood levels of lycopene, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00433797.

Keywords: Diet; Lycopene; Prostate cancer; Prostate specific antigen; Selenium; Tomato.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

Aged
Carotenoids / administration & dosage*
Carotenoids / blood
Diet
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / administration & dosage
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / blood
Fruit and Vegetable Juices
Glycine max / chemistry
Humans
Isoflavones / administration & dosage
Lycopene
Lythraceae / chemistry
Male
Middle Aged
Prostate-Specific Antigen / blood*
Prostatic Neoplasms / blood*
Prostatic Neoplasms / diet therapy*
Selenium / administration & dosage
Selenium / blood
Solanum lycopersicum / chemistry*
Vitis / chemistry

Substances

Fatty Acids, Omega-3
Isoflavones
Carotenoids
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Selenium
Lycopene

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00433797