Single-dose effects on the P3no-go ERP component predict clinical response to stimulants in pediatric ADHD

Geir Ogrim; Ida Emilia Aasen; Jan Ferenc Brunner

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.07.011

Single-dose effects on the P3no-go ERP component predict clinical response to stimulants in pediatric ADHD

Clin Neurophysiol. 2016 Oct;127(10):3277-87. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.07.011. Epub 2016 Jul 30.

Authors

Geir Ogrim¹, Ida Emilia Aasen², Jan Ferenc Brunner³

Affiliations

¹ Neuropsychiatric Unit, Østfold Hospital Trust, Aasebraatveien 27, 1605 Fredrikstad, Norway; Institute of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: geir.ogrim@so-hf.no.
² Institute of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8656 Mosjøen, Norway. Electronic address: ida.aasen@ntnu.no.
³ Institute of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8656 Mosjøen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: jan.f.brunner@ntnu.no.

PMID: 27567447
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.07.011

Abstract

Objective: Approximately 30% of children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treated with stimulants are considered non-responders (non-REs). Reliable predictors of response are missing. We examined changes in Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) induced by a single dose of stimulant medication in order to predict later clinical response.

Methods: ERPs were registered twice during performance of a visual cued go/no-go task in 87 ADHD patients (27 girls) aged 8-18years; the second recording on a single dose of stimulant medication, followed by a systematic medication trial lasting 4weeks. Based on the four-week trial, participants were categorized as responders (REs, N=62) or non-REs (N=25). Changes among REs and non-REs in ERP components (cueP3, CNV, P3go, N2no-go, P3no-go) and behavioral-test variables were then compared.

Results: REs and non-REs differed significantly in medication-induced changes in P3no-go, cue-P3, CNV, omission errors, reaction time, and reaction-time variability. The largest effect size was found for P3no-go amplitude (p<.001; d=1.76). Changes in P3no-go and omission errors correctly classified 90% of the REs and 76% of the non-REs, when controlling for the age of the participants.

Conclusion: Clinical response to stimulants can be predicted by assessing single-dose changes in the P3no-go ERP component amplitude.

Significance: Changes in P3no-go may be a clinically useful marker of response to stimulants.

Keywords: ADHD; ERPs; P3no-go; Predictions; Single-dose-changes; Stimulants.

Publication types

Controlled Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diagnosis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / drug therapy*
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / physiopathology
Central Nervous System Stimulants / administration & dosage
Central Nervous System Stimulants / therapeutic use*
Child
Dextroamphetamine / administration & dosage
Dextroamphetamine / therapeutic use*
Evoked Potentials*
Female
Humans
Male

Substances

Central Nervous System Stimulants
Dextroamphetamine