Balancing potency, metabolic stability and permeability in pyrrolopyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors

Abstract

The present study describes our continuous effort to develop epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors based on the 6-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine scaffold. The activity-ADME space has been evaluated by synthesizing 43 new structures, including four variations of the 4-amino group and 34 different substitution patterns in the 6-aryl moiety. Most of the new pyrrolopyrimidines were highly active, with twelve analogues possessing lower IC₅₀ values than the commercial drug Erlotinib in enzymatic assays. Ten EGFR inhibitors were also profiled in cell studies using the Ba/F3-EGFR^L858R reporter cells, and all revealed nanomolar activity. However, some of the privileged structures in terms of potency had ADME short-comings: compounds containing amides, sulfonamides, amine and hydroxymethyl substituents in the 6-aryl group had low permeability and high efflux, derivatives having (R)-3-amino-3-phenylpropan-1-ol at C-4 induced hERG inhibition properties, and metabolic lability was seen for compounds having (S)-2-methoxy-1-phenylethan-1-amine at C-4. Based on a trade-off between enzymatic activity, cellular potency and ADME properties, (S)-2-phenyl-2-((6-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)ethan-1-ol appeared as the most promising drug candidate. Cellular studies indicate this compound to have therapeutic use in EGFR driven diseases.

Keywords: ADME; EGFR; Erlotinib; Metabolism; Pyrrolopyrimidine; SAR.