Nanotechnology for Electroanalytical Biosensors of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

Chem Rec. 2017 Sep;17(9):886-901. doi: 10.1002/tcr.201600143. Epub 2017 Apr 10.

Abstract

Over the past several decades, nanotechnology has contributed to the progress of biomedicine, biomarker discovery, and the development of highly sensitive electroanalytical / electrochemical biosensors for in vitro and in vivo monitoring, and quantification of oxidative and nitrosative stress markers like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). A major source of ROS and RNS is oxidative stress in cells, which can cause many human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, the detection of local concentrations of ROS (e. g. superoxide anion radical; O2•- ) and RNS (e. g. nitric oxide radical; NO• and its metabolites) released from biological systems is increasingly important and needs a sophisticated detection strategy to monitor ROS and RNS in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss the nanomaterials-based ROS and RNS biosensors utilizing electrochemical techniques with emphasis on their biomedical applications.

Keywords: Biosensors; SOD1 enzyme; cancer; electrochemistry; oxidative stress.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biosensing Techniques*
  • Electrochemical Techniques
  • Humans
  • Nanostructures / chemistry*
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Reactive Nitrogen Species / analysis*
  • Reactive Nitrogen Species / metabolism
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / analysis*
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Superoxide Dismutase-1 / metabolism

Substances

  • Reactive Nitrogen Species
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Superoxide Dismutase-1