The Tobraviruses constitute a group of rod-shaped, bipartite, plus-stranded RNA viruses. We report on homologies between the two viral genomic RNA molecules of pepper ringspot virus (PRV) and on the subgenomic components generated from them during infection. It has previously been shown that the 3'-terminal 459 nucleotides of PRV RNA-1 and RNA-2 are identical. Here it is shown that there is a second homology between RNA-1 and a region of RNA-2, located at least 240 nucleotides downstream from its 5' terminus. In agreement with strains in another Tobravirus group, we observe three subgenomic components in extracts of plants infected with PRV. Two of these, RNAs-1a (1.6 kb) and -1b (0.8 kb), are derived from RNA-1 (the larger genomic RNA). They are probably mRNAs for 29- and 16-kDa nonstructural virus proteins. The smaller genomic RNA, RNA-2, generates the subgenomic component RNA-2a (1.3-1.45 kb) which is probably an efficient capsid protein mRNA. Previously reported subgenomic components of 2.8 and 1.1 kb are shown to be electrophoretic artifacts. RNA-2a, but not 1a or 1b, is present in virion RNA preparations, indicating that it is the only subgenomic species to be encapsidated.