Dementia and functional decline in patients with Parkinson's disease

Dement Neuropsychol. 2008 Apr-Jun;2(2):96-101. doi: 10.1590/S1980-57642009DN20200004.

Abstract

Functional decline in Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by reduced ability to carry out activities of daily living, usually results from typical motor impairment and may be aggravated by concomitant cognitive impairment.

Objective: To compare the functional decline in Parkinson's disease between patients with dementia and cognitively preserved patients.

Methods: From an original sample composed of 50 patients with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD seen in a consecutive series, 33 non-depressed patients were selected comprising 13 with dementia and 20 cognitively preserved individuals. All patients enrolled in this study were drawn from a public outpatient clinic, specialized in movement disorders. The clinical stage of PD was determined by the Hoehn & Yahr scale, and the functional capacity was verified using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale UPDRS ADL (subscale II: activities of daily living) and the Schwab & England scale. The two last scales measure the functional degree of independence in activities of daily living. The neuropsychological assessment was performed using The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly - CAMCOG, Cognitive Section and the Stroop Color Word Test.

Results: As expected, in comparison with cognitively preserved patients, the group with dementia presented significantly lower scores throughout the neuropsychological evaluation. The patients with dementia were found to have a longer period of disease, a more advanced clinical staging according to the Hoehn & Yahr, and greater functional decline according both to the UPDRS ADL and Schwab & England, with statistically significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion: Patients with dementia were at a more advanced clinical stage of Parkinson's disease and evidenced greater functional decline in comparison with patients without dementia.

O declínio funcional na doença de Parkinson (DP), caracterizado pela redução da capacidade para as atividades de vida diária, usualmente resulta do comprometimento motor típico, podendo ainda ser agravado pelo declínio cognitivo concomitante.

Objetivos: Comparar o declínio funcional de pacientes com e sem demência na doença de Parkinson.

Métodos: De uma amostra original composta por 50 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de DP idiopática, avaliados em uma série consecutiva, foram selecionados 33 pacientes não deprimidos, sendo 13 com demência e 20 cognitivamente preservados. Todos os pacientes eram acompanhados em um ambulatório público especializado em distúrbios do movimento. Aplicamos a Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale – UPDRS (sub-escala II: atividades de vida diária – UPDRS ADL), a escala Schwab & England, a escala Hoehn & Yahr, o Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly – Seção Cognitiva (CAMCOG) e o Stroop Color Word Test.

Resultados: Como esperado, em comparação com pacientes cognitivamente preservados, o grupo com demência apresentou escores menores na avaliação neuropsicológica. Os pacientes com demência tinham, também, um tempo maior de doença, pertenciam a um estágio clínico mais avançado segundo a Hoehn & Yahr, e seu declínio funcional, segundo a UPDRS ADL e a Schwab & England, mostrava-se mais acentuado, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos.

Conclusão: Os pacientes com demência encontravam-se em um estágio clínico mais avançado da doença e seu declínio funcional mostrou-se mais acentuado em comparação com os pacientes sem demência.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; dementia; functional decline.