Effects of Body Mass Index on Clinical Outcomes in Female Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents: Results From a Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2018 Jan 8;11(1):68-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.06.060. Epub 2017 Dec 13.

Abstract

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the effect of different body mass index (BMI) categories on clinical outcomes in female patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and drug-eluting stents.

Background: Patients with higher BMI might, paradoxically, have better long-term clinical outcomes after acute coronary syndrome treated with PCI.

Methods: We pooled patient-level data for female participants from 26 randomized trials on PCI with drug-eluting stents. Patients were stratified into underweight (BMI, <18.5), normoweight (BMI, 18.5 to 24.9), overweight (BMI, 25 to 29.9), obese (BMI, 30 to 34.9), or morbidly obese (BMI, ≥35). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events, a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization at 3 years.

Results: Among 11,557 female patients included in the pooled database, 9,420 were treated with a drug-eluting stent and had BMI data available. Patients with higher BMI were significantly younger and with more cardiovascular risk factors. Only 139 patients were underweight and had significantly higher adjusted rates of cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality than the rest of the population (hazard ratio: 2.20 [1.31 to 3.71] compared with normoweight). There was a significantly lower frequency of unadjusted 3-year all-cause mortality in overweight, obese, and severely obese patients compared with normoweight. However, following multivariable analysis, a trend toward increased risk of death in severely obese patients was observed, describing an inverse "J"-shaped relation between BMI and 3-year mortality. Conversely, the relationship between BMI and other outcomes, such as major adverse cardiac events, was flat for normoweight and higher BMI.

Conclusions: The risk of 3-year adjusted cardiac events did not differ across BMI groups, whereas the risk of all-cause mortality compared with normoweight was significantly higher in underweight patients and lower in overweight patients with a trend toward increased risk in the severely obese population.

Keywords: body mass index; clinical outcomes; female patients; percutaneous coronary intervention.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / diagnostic imaging
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / mortality
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / surgery*
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Body Mass Index*
  • Comorbidity
  • Drug-Eluting Stents*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity / diagnosis
  • Obesity / epidemiology*
  • Obesity / mortality
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / adverse effects
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / instrumentation*
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / mortality
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Sex Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome