Objectives: Approximately 20% of patients with complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs) fail therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for clinical failure in patients with cIAIs.
Methods: International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for cIAIs were obtained to identify patients. Adult patients who received at least 48 hours of intravenous antibiotics were included. Patients were chronologically matched for age, sex, and comorbidities. The primary outcome was clinical failure. Statistical analysis included bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: A total of 1405 patients were screened; 139 patients were included. The median (interquartile range) age and Charlson Comorbidity Index were 54 (37-62) years and 0 (0-1), respectively. Clinical failure was observed in 47 patients (34%), with 5 deaths (3.6%). Multivariate analysis of the unmatched population showed older age was protective (odds ratio [OR] 0.967, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.944-0.991). In the matched population elevated serum creatinine (OR 2.2168, 95% CI 1.091-4.308) and increased time to source control (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.000-1.030) were predictive of clinical failure.
Conclusions: In a low comorbid cIAI population with and without surgical intervention, serum creatinine was an independent risk factor for clinical failure. In the matched case-control of patients, time to source-control procedure was an independent predictor of clinical failure.