ECG changes during resuscitation of patients with initial pulseless electrical activity are associated with return of spontaneous circulation

Abstract

Background: Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is a frequent initial rhythm in cardiac arrest, and ECG characteristics have been linked to prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine the development of ECG characteristics during advanced life support (ALS) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in cardiac arrest with initial PEA, and to assess any association with survival.

Methods: Patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest with initial PEA at St. Olav Hospital (Trondheim, Norway) over a three-year period were included. A total of 2187 combined observations of QRS complex rate (heart rate) and QRS complex width for the duration of ALS were determined from defibrillator recordings from 74 episodes of cardiac arrest.

Results: Increasing heart rate and decreasing QRS complex width during ALS was significantly more prevalent in patients who obtained return of spontaneous circulation compared to patients who were declared dead.

Conclusion: Changes in ECG characteristics during ALS in cardiac arrest presenting as PEA are related to prognosis. An increase in heart rate was observed in the last 3-6 min before ROSC was obtained.

Keywords: Cardiac arrest; Electrocardiogram; In-hospital cardiac arrest; Pulseless electrical activity.