Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are to be considered in the differential diagnosis of a transient loss of consciousness. Their discrimination from syncope, epileptic seizures or vascular events can be difficult and requires profound knowledge about the semiology and clinical presentation of PNES and their differential diagnoses. Erroneous diagnoses and the resulting therapies lead to elevated morbidity, elevated costs and a poorer outcome. The aim of the present article is to provide an overview on PNES and their delineation from the clinical pictures of epilepsy and syncope.
Keywords: Epilepsy; Prognosis; Semiology; Syncope; Video electroencephalography.