Introduction: Since the first description of robot-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy for living donor renal transplantation, additional studies have noted outcomes comparable to traditional laparoscopic surgery. Urologists have embraced the technical advantages of the robotic approach, including improved dissection and more accurate graft preservation. With the advent of robotic stapling, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of the use of robotic stapling for living-donor nephrectomies.
Materials and methods: Ten cases of da Vinci® EndoWrist® Stapler use during robot-assisted donor nephrectomy by a single surgeon are reported. Variables examined included patient anatomy, estimated blood loss (EBL), warm ischemia time (WIT), postoperative complications, and graft function at follow-up. The costs of the laparoscopic and robotic staplers at our institution are reported.
Results: One right and nine left nephrectomies were performed by a single surgeon. Eight living donors had a single renal artery and vein, while two had multiple renal arteries and renal veins. A single vascular stapler load (45-mm, white cartridge) was used for vessels in all cases. WIT was <6 minutes in each case, and EBL ranged from 13 to 100 mL. Sufficient length on the renal artery and vein was obtained to execute anastomoses in all cases. Only one patient had postoperative complications that were related to anesthesia. Graft function of recipients and postoperative renal function has been adequate to date. The cost of using the robotic stapler was $705 (EndoWrist Stapler), and the cost of the laparoscopic stapler (Endo GIA™ Stapler; Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) was $494.06.
Conclusions: The use of robotic stapler is feasible in terms of patient safety, technique, postoperative outcomes, and cost in both left- and right-sided living-donor robotic nephrectomies. Further research is needed to confirm the benefit and safety of EndoWrist stapler use in robotic donor nephrectomies compared to laparoscopic stapler use.
Keywords: donor nephrectomy; laparoscopy; robotic stapler; robotics.