In Vitro Multiexon Skipping by Antisense PMOs in Dystrophic Dog and Exon 7-Deleted DMD Patient

Abstract

Antisense oligonucleotide induced exon skipping emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from a devastating muscle disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Systemic administration of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) targeting exons 6 and 8 in dystrophin mRNA of the canine X-linked muscular dystrophy model in Japan (CXMD_J) that lacks exon 7, restored dystrophin expression throughout skeletal muscle and ameliorated skeletal muscle pathology and function. However, the antisense PMO regime used in CXMD_J could not be considered for a direct application to DMD patients so far, because this type of mutation is quite rare. We have identified a DMD patient with an exon 7 deletion; and tried a direct translation of the antisense PMOs used in dog models to the DMD patient's cells. We converted fibroblasts obtained from CXMD_J dogs and from the DMD patient to myotubes by MyoD transduction using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We subsequently designed antisense PMOs targeting identical regions of dog and human dystrophin exons 6 and 8 and administered them as a cocktail to the in vitro generated dog or human myotubes. In both cases, we observed comparable skipping efficacy of exons 6 and 8 and restoration of dystrophin protein. The accompanying skipping of exon 9, which does not alter the reading frame, varied according to the cell origin. The antisense PMOs originally administered to the CXMD_J dog model were capable of inducing multi-exon skipping of the dystrophin gene on the FACS-aided MyoD-transduced fibroblasts derived from an exon 7-deleted DMD patient. These data support the suitability of dog as a laboratory model for DMD because the similarity of dystrophin sequences allowed a successful translation of the dog's PMOs to DMD patients cells.

Keywords: Antisense oligonucleotide; Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan (CXMDJ); Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD); Dystrophin; Exon skipping; Multiexon skipping; Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs).