1 Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
2 Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
3 Council of Medical Specialty Societies, Chicago, IL.
4 American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL.
5 American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA.
6 Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.
7 Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address: mmaggard@mednet.ucla.edu.