Objectives: The authors present the guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) for the diagnosis of cervical lymphatic malformation in adults and children.
Methods: A multidisciplinary work group was entrusted with a review of the scientific literature on the above topic. Guidelines were drawn up, based on the articles retrieved and the group members' individual experience. They were then read over by an editorial group independent of the work group, and finalized in a coordination meeting. Guidelines were graded A, B, C or expert opinion, by decreasing level of evidence.
Results: The SFORL recommends that complete ENT examination should be performed to identify lesions at high risk of complication or associated with poor prognosis. In case of diagnostic doubt, especially in latero-cervical or oral floor lesions, fine-needle aspiration cytology should be performed before therapeutic decision-making. One or more validated classifications should be used to assess treatment efficacy and monitor progression. The reliability of antenatal diagnosis should be ensured by associating MRI to ultrasound. In antenatal diagnosis, the locoregional extension of the cervical lymphatic malformation should be evaluated accurately for prognosis, and associated malformations should be screened for, to guide treatment options.
Keywords: Antenatal; Fine-needle aspiration cytology; Lymphatic malformation; MRI; Ultrasound.
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