Three additional patients with EED-associated overgrowth: potential mutation hotspots identified?

J Hum Genet. 2019 Jun;64(6):561-572. doi: 10.1038/s10038-019-0585-5. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Abstract

Variants have been identified in the embryonic ectoderm development (EED) gene in seven patients with syndromic overgrowth similar to that observed in Weaver syndrome. Here, we present three additional patients with missense variants in the EED gene. All the missense variants reported to date (including the three presented here) have localized to one of seven WD40 domains of the EED protein, which are necessary for interaction with enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2). In addition, among the seven patients reported in the literature and the three new patients presented here, all of the reported pathogenic variants except one occurred at one of four amino acid residues in the EED protein. The recurrence of pathogenic variation at these loci suggests that these residues are functionally important (mutation hotspots). In silico modeling and calculations of the free energy changes resulting from these variants suggested that they not only destabilize the EED protein structure but also adversely affect interactions between EED, EZH2, and/or H3K27me3. These cases help demonstrate the mechanism(s) by which apparently deleterious variants in the EED gene might cause overgrowth and lend further support that amino acid residues in the WD40 domain region may be mutation hotspots.

MeSH terms

  • Abnormalities, Multiple / etiology
  • Abnormalities, Multiple / genetics*
  • Abnormalities, Multiple / physiopathology
  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Computer Simulation
  • Congenital Hypothyroidism / etiology
  • Congenital Hypothyroidism / genetics*
  • Congenital Hypothyroidism / physiopathology
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / etiology
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / genetics*
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / physiopathology
  • Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein / chemistry
  • Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein / genetics*
  • Exome Sequencing
  • Female
  • Hand Deformities, Congenital / etiology
  • Hand Deformities, Congenital / genetics*
  • Hand Deformities, Congenital / physiopathology
  • Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / chemistry
  • Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Mutation Rate
  • Mutation, Missense / genetics
  • Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 / chemistry
  • Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 / genetics*
  • Protein Conformation
  • WD40 Repeats / genetics

Substances

  • EED protein, human
  • EZH2 protein, human
  • Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein
  • Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
  • Polycomb Repressive Complex 2

Supplementary concepts

  • Weaver syndrome