Purpose: Studies have reported an association between low levels of natural immunoglobulin M antibodies against phosphorylcholine(IgM anti-PC) and worse prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aims of the present study were, in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); 1) to compare serum levels of IgM anti-PC measured acutely and after 3 months; 2) to study an association between levels of IgM anti-PC and the severity ofCAD, and; 3) to investigate whether IgM anti-PC levels are associated with long-term clinical outcome.
Methods: A total of 213 patients without known diabetes (median age 59 years) with a PCI treated STEMI were enrolled. IgM anti-PC was measured in-hospital and after 3 months. Median follow-up time was 6.5 years (all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial re-infarction, recurrent ischemia causing hospital admission, heart failure and stroke). The severity of CAD was evaluated by coronary angiograms and patients were classified as having single- or multi-vessel disease and by SYNTAX score (SXscore).
Results: IgM anti-PC levels were stable over time when measured acutely and after 3 months. Patients with multi-vessel disease and high SXscore had significantly lower levels of IgM anti-PC in the acute phase of STEMI. Low levels of IgM anti-PC (the 25 percentile) measured acutely were associated with a 2-fold increase in the odds of having multi-vessel disease (adjusted OR 2.28 (95% CI 1.17, 4.44), p = 0.016), but not with high SXscore (Crude OR 2.20 (95% CI 0.96, 5.07), p = 0.06). Fifty-three patients experienced a new clinical event during long-term follow-up. Low levels of IgM anti PC were not associated with worse prognosis, (crude HR 1.54 (0.87-2.76), p = 0.14).
Conclusion: STEMI patients with multi-vessel disease or high SXscore had significantly lower levels of IgM anti-PC in the acute phase and low levels were associated with multi-vessel disease, but not with worse clinical outcome during long-term follow-up.