River nutrient water and sediment measurements inform on nutrient retention, with implications for eutrophication

Tatenda Dalu; Ryan J Wasserman; Mandla L Magoro; P William Froneman; Olaf L F Weyl

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.167

River nutrient water and sediment measurements inform on nutrient retention, with implications for eutrophication

Sci Total Environ. 2019 Sep 20:684:296-302. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.167. Epub 2019 May 22.

Authors

Tatenda Dalu¹, Ryan J Wasserman², Mandla L Magoro³, P William Froneman⁴, Olaf L F Weyl⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa. Electronic address: dalutatenda@yahoo.co.uk.
² Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
³ South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; DST/NRF Research Chair for Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
⁴ Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
⁵ DST/NRF Research Chair for Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.

PMID: 31153076
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.167

Abstract

The consideration of nutrients in pollution dynamics is important for environmental management and conservation. Developing countries are yet to appreciate the aquatic ecosystem pollution impacts on their economies and as such, information on water pollution dynamics is limited. This study assessed the spatio-temporal dynamics of nutrient loading and retention in stream water and sediments in the Bloukrans River system, Eastern Cape province, South Africa over the course of the wet and dry season. Sediment and water samples were analysed for total phosphorus (TP) and nitrogen (TN) concentrations, and were used in combination with river flow discharge, to determine nutrient loads. The study results highlight that river discharge plays a significant role in temporal differences in sediment and water column nutrient concentrations. The mean sediment nutrient concentration was high for the dry season, with high values being observed for the urban river system. Nutrient loads were high above the sewage treatment works outflow (i.e. urban sites), as such, a decreasing trend was observed with increasing distance from the urban environment. Nutrient loads were generally high for the dry season in comparison to the wet season indicating organic matter retention (i.e. accumulation from burst sewage pipes) most likely due to low flows. While it was evident that the ageing wastewater infrastructure contributed to the observed state of the Bloukrans River, the high natural nutrient retention capacity seemed to mitigate eutrophication of downstream aquatic ecosystems. As such, the nutrient retention capacity and management of the system is central to the entire Bloukrans River catchment management practices. Therefore, the study contributes to our understanding of water and sediment nutrient pollution dynamics in an arid temperate river landscape where vast spatio-temporal differences in base flow characterise the riverscape.

Keywords: Aquatic ecosystems; Bloukrans River; Eutrophication; Sediment contaminant assessment; Total nitrogen; Total phosphorus.

MeSH terms

Environmental Monitoring*
Eutrophication*
Geologic Sediments / chemistry*
Nitrogen / analysis
Nutrients / analysis
Phosphorus / analysis
Rivers / chemistry*
South Africa
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*

Substances

Water Pollutants, Chemical
Phosphorus
Nitrogen