Lymphatic-type "Angiosarcoma" With Prominent Lymphocytic Infiltrate

Am J Surg Pathol. 2020 Feb;44(2):271-279. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001398.

Abstract

We report 21 cases of a distinctive and unique vascular tumor which we propose to be a pure lymphatic-type angiosarcoma characterized by architectural and growth characteristics of angiosarcoma, cytologic, and immunohistochemical features of lymphatic differentiation, a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate, and variable nuclear grade. Patients included 12 males and 9 females with a median age of 65 years (range: 32 to 95 y). Tumors involved the head and neck (n=11), lower extremities (n=5), trunk (n=4), and upper extremity (n=1) and were located superficially in the dermis and/or subcutis. Tumors were designated "low grade" (n=10) when the nuclear grade was low, and vascular channel formation was evident throughout but with multilayering of endothelium within the vessels. Cases were designated "high grade" (n=11) when nuclei appeared higher grade with more rounded contours and prominent nucleoli and when solid areas predominated over vascular channel formation. A striking feature of both groups was the presence of a dense, lymphocytic infiltrate with occasional germinal center formation. All cases strongly and diffusely expressed at least 1 lymphatic marker (21/21) with podoplanin (17/19) and Prox-1 (11/11) more commonly expressed than LYVE-1 (5/10). No consistent molecular alteration was identified. Follow-up on 17 patients (median: 41 mo, mean: 54 mo) showed 10 patients were alive without disease, 5 were alive with disease, 1 died of other cause, and 1 died of disease. Local recurrence developed in 9 cases and metastasis in 2 cases, although neither correlated with grade as defined. On the basis of clinical follow-up to date, the natural history of lymphatic-type angiosarcoma appears to be more favorable than other forms of cutaneous angiosarcoma.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Hemangioendothelioma / diagnosis
  • Hemangioendothelioma / mortality
  • Hemangioendothelioma / pathology*
  • Hemangiosarcoma / diagnosis
  • Hemangiosarcoma / mortality
  • Hemangiosarcoma / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Lymphangiosarcoma / diagnosis
  • Lymphangiosarcoma / mortality
  • Lymphangiosarcoma / pathology*
  • Lymphatic Vessels / pathology
  • Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Skin Neoplasms / mortality
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Soft Tissue Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Soft Tissue Neoplasms / mortality
  • Soft Tissue Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Survival Analysis

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor