Correlations between disease-specific quality of life and polysomnographic findings in children with obstructive sleep apnea

Abstract

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can have a negative impact on quality of life in children. The OSA-18 is a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for children. The questionnaire has been found to be a poor predictor of OSA diagnosed with polysomnography (PSG), yet OSA-18 scores do markedly improve after adenotonsillectomy. The aim of this study was to examine the correlations between OSA-18 and PSG findings, beyond the apnea hypopnea index (AHI).

Methods: This study was a prospective study of children 2-6 years of age who were referred to an Ear, Nose and Throat department for adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. Prior to surgery, all of the children underwent PSG and a physical examination, and their parent completed the OSA-18 questionnaire. Spearman correlations were used to determine the associations between OSA-18 scores and PSG parameters.

Results: The sample consisted of 97 children who underwent PSG and their parents who answered the OSA-18 questionnaire. We found positive correlations between the AHI and both the OSA-18 total score (rho = 0.21, p = 0.04) and the sleep disturbance subscale (rho = 0.51, p < 0.01). The only other PSG parameter that significantly correlated with the OSA-18 was the number of awakenings and arousals per hour of sleep (rho = 0.29, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: We only found weak correlations between the OSA-18 score and PSG findings, suggesting the two methods are measuring different aspects of pediatric OSA.

Clinical trial: NCT02233166.

Keywords: Adenotonsillectomy; OSA-18; Obstructive sleep apnea; Pediatrics.