Kratom use in the United States: a diverse and complex profile

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, FL, USA.
• ² The Law Office of Jane K. Babin, PC, San Diego, CA, USA.
• ³ PinneyAssociates, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Psychiatry and Human Services, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
• ⁷ Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ⁸ University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA.
• ⁹ Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
• ¹⁰ National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.