Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) is a powerful neurotoxin that inhibits acetylcholine release from presynaptic vesicles. The potency and safety profile of BoNTA grant the toxin vast therapeutic potential. It has been used off-label for a variety of dermatologic conditions. This review aims to analyze published literature regarding the benefits and risks of the off-label use of BoNTA beyond facial lines, including eccrine hidrocystomas, enlarged pores, keloids and hypertrophic scars, hidradenitis suppurativa, hyperhidrosis, masseter muscle hypertrophy, and salivary gland hypertrophy, among others. A MEDLINE search from January 2000 to December 2019 was conducted on the off-label uses of botulinum toxin in dermatology.
MeSH terms
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Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
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Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Botulinum Toxins, Type A / administration & dosage*
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Botulinum Toxins, Type A / adverse effects
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Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / drug therapy
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Dermatology / methods*
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Dermatology / standards
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Hidradenitis Suppurativa / drug therapy
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Hidrocystoma / drug therapy
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Humans
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Hyperhidrosis / drug therapy
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Hypertrophy / drug therapy
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Injections, Intralesional / methods
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Injections, Intralesional / standards
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Injections, Subcutaneous / methods
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Injections, Subcutaneous / standards
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Keloid / drug therapy
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Masseter Muscle / abnormalities
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Off-Label Use*
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Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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Salivary Glands / pathology
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Sweat Gland Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Treatment Outcome
Substances
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Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors
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Botulinum Toxins, Type A
Supplementary concepts
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Masticatory Muscles, Hypertrophy of