Eliminating the First Inactive State and Stabilizing the Active State of the Cardiac Regulatory System Alters Behavior in Solution and in Ordered Systems

Biochemistry. 2020 Sep 22;59(37):3487-3497. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00430. Epub 2020 Sep 9.

Abstract

Calcium binding to troponin C (TnC) is insufficient for full activation of myosin ATPase activity by actin-tropomyosin-troponin. Previous attempts to investigate full activation utilized ATP-free myosin or chemically modified myosin to stabilize the active state of regulated actin. We utilized the Δ14-TnT and the A8V-TnC mutants to stabilize the activated state at saturating Ca2+ and to eliminate one of the inactive states at low Ca2+. The observed effects differed in solution studies and in the more ordered in vitro motility assay and in skinned cardiac muscle preparations. At saturating Ca2+, full activation with Δ14-TnT·A8V-TnC decreased the apparent KM for actin-activated ATPase activity compared to bare actin filaments. Rates of in vitro motility increased at both high and low Ca2+ with Δ14-TnT; the maximum shortening speed at high Ca2+ increased 1.8-fold. Cardiac muscle preparations exhibited increased Ca2+ sensitivity and large increases in resting force with either Δ14-TnT or Δ14-TnT·A8V-TnC. We also observed a significant increase in the maximal rate of tension redevelopment. The results of full activation with Ca2+ and Δ14-TnT·A8V-TnC confirmed and extended several earlier observations using other means of reaching full activation. Furthermore, at low Ca2+, elimination of the first inactive state led to partial activation. This work also confirms, in three distinct experimental systems, that troponin is able to stabilize the active state of actin-tropomyosin-troponin without the need for high-affinity myosin binding. The results are relevant to the reason for two inactive states and for the role of force producing myosin in regulation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Actins / metabolism*
  • Adenosine Triphosphatases / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Calcium / metabolism*
  • Cattle
  • Cell Movement*
  • Humans
  • Myocardium / cytology
  • Myocardium / metabolism*
  • Protein Binding
  • Tropomyosin / metabolism*
  • Troponin C / chemistry
  • Troponin C / genetics
  • Troponin C / metabolism*
  • Troponin T / chemistry
  • Troponin T / genetics
  • Troponin T / metabolism*

Substances

  • Actins
  • Tropomyosin
  • Troponin C
  • Troponin T
  • Adenosine Triphosphatases
  • Calcium