Malnutrition after pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in chronic pancreatitis: Risk factors in real world practice

Abstract

Background: RCTs that have shown improvement in coefficient of fat absorption with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) have seldom evaluated the impact on overall nutritional status.

Objective: In this study we evaluated factors responsible for persistence of malnutrition after PERT.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, patients were enrolled based on predefined enrolment criteria. Patients were divided into those taking PERT regularly (Group A), irregularly (Group B) and not taking (Group C) for at least 3 months. Comprehensive evaluation of anthropometric measurements, nutritional assessment and dietary intake was performed. Malnutrition was measured using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool. Relationship between PERT status, dietary intake and nutritional status were evaluated using standard statistical methods. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with persistence of malnutrition after PERT.

Results: 377 patients with CP and 50 controls were included. 95 (25.2%) patients with CP were in Group A, 106 (28.1%) in Group B and 176 (46.7%) in Group C. 130 (34.5%) patients were malnourished, of which 76 (58.5%) were continuing PERT. There were no differences in clinical and biochemical nutritional markers between Groups A, B, and C. Calorie deficit and daily intake of calorie, protein, carbohydrates and fats were not different between those with and without PERT, but was significantly less in those with malnutrition. Logistic regression demonstrated inadequate dietary intake as independent risk factor for persistence of malnutrition.

Conclusion: Even though PERT is effective in PEI, comprehensive nutritional assessment, personalized nutritional counselling and therapy along with PERT is mandatory.

Keywords: Chronic pancreatitis; Nutrition; Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy; Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.